Hi,
We have seen how to load the data into R language in my previous post Loading Data into R. It is an important part of this blog series. Let’s talk about packages now.
Packages are not new to programmers. Any programming language comes with packages, of course limited set of packages. Additional packages are added a la carte. We shall see same behavior in R as well. The default installation of is a thin solution, which has only basic packages. If needed we need to add additional packages. Lets see how.
Viewing the packages
search() would help us to check the list of loaded packages.
> search() [1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:readr" "tools:rstudio" "package:stats" [5] "package:graphics" "package:grDevices" "package:utils" "package:datasets" [9] "package:methods" "Autoloads" "package:base"
installed.packages() shows us the packages installed but not loaded.
> installed.packages() Package LibPath Version BH "BH" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "1.65.0-1" hms "hms" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "0.3" R6 "R6" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "2.2.2" Rcpp "Rcpp" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "0.12.12" readr "readr" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "1.1.1" rlang "rlang" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "0.1.2" tibble "tibble" "D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4" "1.3.4" base "base" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" boot "boot" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "1.3-19" class "class" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "7.3-14" cluster "cluster" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "2.0.6" codetools "codetools" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "0.2-15" compiler "compiler" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" datasets "datasets" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" foreign "foreign" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "0.8-69" graphics "graphics" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" grDevices "grDevices" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" grid "grid" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" KernSmooth "KernSmooth" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "2.23-15" lattice "lattice" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "0.20-35" MASS "MASS" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "7.3-47" Matrix "Matrix" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "1.2-10" methods "methods" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" mgcv "mgcv" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "1.8-17" nlme "nlme" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.1-131" nnet "nnet" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "7.3-12" parallel "parallel" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" rpart "rpart" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "4.1-11" spatial "spatial" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "7.3-11" splines "splines" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" stats "stats" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" stats4 "stats4" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" survival "survival" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "2.41-3" tcltk "tcltk" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" tools "tools" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" translations "translations" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" utils "utils" "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.4.1/library" "3.4.1" Priority Depends BH NA NA hms NA NA R6 NA "R (>= 3.0)" Rcpp NA "R (>= 3.0.0)" readr NA "R (>= 3.0.2)" rlang NA "R (>= 3.1.0)" tibble NA "R (>= 3.1.0)" base "base" NA boot "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.0), graphics, stats" class "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.0), stats, utils" cluster "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.1)" codetools "recommended" "R (>= 2.1)" compiler "base" NA datasets "base" NA foreign "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.0)" graphics "base" NA grDevices "base" NA grid "base" NA KernSmooth "recommended" "R (>= 2.5.0), stats" lattice "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.0)" MASS "recommended" "R (>= 3.1.0), grDevices, graphics, stats, utils" Matrix "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.1)" methods "base" NA mgcv "recommended" "R (>= 2.14.0), nlme (>= 3.1-64)" nlme "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.2)" nnet "recommended" "R (>= 2.14.0), stats, utils" parallel "base" NA rpart "recommended" "R (>= 2.15.0), graphics, stats, grDevices" spatial "recommended" "R (>= 3.0.0), graphics, stats, utils" splines "base" NA stats "base" NA stats4 "base" NA survival "recommended" "R (>= 2.13.0)" tcltk "base" NA tools "base" NA translations NA NA utils "base" NA Imports LinkingTo BH NA NA hms "methods" NA R6 NA NA Rcpp "methods, utils" NA readr "Rcpp (>= 0.12.0.5), tibble, hms, R6" "Rcpp, BH" rlang NA NA tibble "methods, rlang, Rcpp (>= 0.12.3), utils" "Rcpp" base NA NA boot NA NA class "MASS" NA cluster "graphics, grDevices, stats, utils" NA codetools NA NA compiler NA NA datasets NA NA foreign "methods, utils, stats" NA graphics "grDevices" NA grDevices NA NA grid "grDevices, utils" NA KernSmooth NA NA lattice "grid, grDevices, graphics, stats, utils" NA MASS "methods" NA Matrix "methods, graphics, grid, stats, utils, lattice" NA methods "utils, stats" NA mgcv "methods, stats, graphics, Matrix" NA nlme "graphics, stats, utils, lattice" NA nnet NA NA parallel "tools, compiler" NA rpart NA NA spatial NA NA splines "graphics, stats" NA stats "utils, grDevices, graphics" NA stats4 "graphics, methods, stats" NA survival "graphics, Matrix, methods, splines, stats, utils" NA tcltk "utils" NA tools NA NA translations NA NA utils NA NA Suggests BH NA hms "testthat, lubridate" R6 "knitr, microbenchmark, pryr, testthat, ggplot2, scales" Rcpp "RUnit, inline, rbenchmark, highlight, pkgKitten (>= 0.1.2)" readr "curl, testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, stringi, covr" rlang "knitr, rmarkdown (>= 0.2.65), testthat, covr" tibble "covr, dplyr, knitr (>= 1.5.32), microbenchmark, nycflights13,\ntestthat, rmarkdown, withr" base "methods" boot "MASS, survival" class NA cluster "MASS" codetools NA compiler NA datasets NA foreign NA graphics NA grDevices "KernSmooth" grid "lattice" KernSmooth "MASS" lattice "KernSmooth, MASS, latticeExtra" MASS "lattice, nlme, nnet, survival" Matrix "expm, MASS" methods "codetools" mgcv "splines, parallel, survival, MASS" nlme "Hmisc, MASS" nnet "MASS" parallel "methods" rpart "survival" spatial "MASS" splines "Matrix, methods" stats "MASS, Matrix, SuppDists, methods, stats4" stats4 NA survival NA tcltk NA tools "codetools, methods, xml2, curl" translations NA utils "methods, XML" Enhances License BH NA "BSL-1.0" hms NA "GPL-3" R6 NA "MIT + file LICENSE" Rcpp NA "GPL (>= 2)" readr NA "GPL (>= 2) | file LICENSE" rlang NA "GPL-3" tibble NA "MIT + file LICENSE" base NA "Part of R 3.4.1" boot NA "Unlimited" class NA "GPL-2 | GPL-3" cluster NA "GPL (>= 2)" codetools NA "GPL" compiler NA "Part of R 3.4.1" datasets NA "Part of R 3.4.1" foreign NA "GPL (>= 2)" graphics NA "Part of R 3.4.1" grDevices NA "Part of R 3.4.1" grid NA "Part of R 3.4.1" KernSmooth NA "Unlimited" lattice "chron" "GPL (>= 2)" MASS NA "GPL-2 | GPL-3" Matrix "MatrixModels, graph, SparseM, sfsmisc" "GPL (>= 2) | file LICENCE" methods NA "Part of R 3.4.1" mgcv NA "GPL (>= 2)" nlme NA "GPL (>= 2) | file LICENCE" nnet NA "GPL-2 | GPL-3" parallel "snow, nws, Rmpi" "Part of R 3.4.1" rpart NA "GPL-2 | GPL-3" spatial NA "GPL-2 | GPL-3" splines NA "Part of R 3.4.1" stats NA "Part of R 3.4.1" stats4 NA "Part of R 3.4.1" survival NA "LGPL (>= 2)" tcltk NA "Part of R 3.4.1" tools NA "Part of R 3.4.1" translations NA "Part of R 3.4.1" utils NA "Part of R 3.4.1" License_is_FOSS License_restricts_use OS_type MD5sum NeedsCompilation BH NA NA NA NA "no" hms NA NA NA NA "no" R6 NA NA NA NA "no" Rcpp NA NA NA NA "yes" readr NA NA NA NA "yes" rlang NA NA NA NA "yes" tibble NA NA NA NA "yes" base NA NA NA NA NA boot NA NA NA NA "no" class NA NA NA NA "yes" cluster NA NA NA NA "yes" codetools NA NA NA NA "no" compiler NA NA NA NA NA datasets NA NA NA NA NA foreign NA NA NA NA "yes" graphics NA NA NA NA "yes" grDevices NA NA NA NA "yes" grid NA NA NA NA "yes" KernSmooth NA NA NA NA "yes" lattice NA NA NA NA "yes" MASS NA NA NA NA "yes" Matrix NA NA NA NA "yes" methods NA NA NA NA "yes" mgcv NA NA NA NA "yes" nlme NA NA NA NA "yes" nnet NA NA NA NA "yes" parallel NA NA NA NA "yes" rpart NA NA NA NA "yes" spatial NA NA NA NA "yes" splines NA NA NA NA "yes" stats NA NA NA NA "yes" stats4 NA NA NA NA NA survival NA NA NA NA "yes" tcltk NA NA NA NA "yes" tools NA NA NA NA "yes" translations NA NA NA NA NA utils NA NA NA NA "yes" Built BH "3.4.1" hms "3.4.1" R6 "3.4.1" Rcpp "3.4.1" readr "3.4.1" rlang "3.4.1" tibble "3.4.1" base "3.4.1" boot "3.4.1" class "3.4.1" cluster "3.4.1" codetools "3.4.1" compiler "3.4.1" datasets "3.4.1" foreign "3.4.1" graphics "3.4.1" grDevices "3.4.1" grid "3.4.1" KernSmooth "3.4.1" lattice "3.4.1" MASS "3.4.1" Matrix "3.4.1" methods "3.4.1" mgcv "3.4.1" nlme "3.4.1" nnet "3.4.1" parallel "3.4.1" rpart "3.4.1" spatial "3.4.1" splines "3.4.1" stats "3.4.1" stats4 "3.4.1" survival "3.4.1" tcltk "3.4.1" tools "3.4.1" translations "3.4.1" utils "3.4.1"
R Studio IDE has a tab which shows the loaded/not loaded packages.
Installing new packages
To install a new package we shall use Install packages option in R Studio, or install.packages() command.
> install.packages("regress") Installing package into ‘D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4’ (as ‘lib’ is unspecified) trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.4/regress_1.3-15.zip' Content type 'application/zip' length 32695 bytes (31 KB) downloaded 31 KB package ‘regress’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked The downloaded binary packages are in C:\Users\pandian\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpq29bYI\downloaded_packages
Removing packages
Removing a package using R Studio is as easy as clicking the x mark.
To do it from console, we shall use remove.packages()
> remove.packages("regress") Removing package from ‘D:/gandhari/documents/R/win-library/3.4’ (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Loading the packages
To load a package, we shall just check ✅ the needed package in package tab. The same task shall be performed using library() command in console.
> library("BH", lib.loc="~/R/win-library/3.4")
See in another interesting post. 💖 you all.